(bright music) - Welcome to Room 9 Summertime, our nation's largest classroom.

My name is Mrs. Turnage and I am a teacher in the Ritner School District in the St. Louis region.

Today's lesson is a science lesson for our first grade learners but all learners are welcome to join us.

I want to introduce you to one of my good friends who's also a great learner when it comes to talking about all things science.

His name is Hargrove.

He loves science and learning about new things.

Today we're going to talk about three things that I bet you already know a lot about.

Day, night and patterns.

You might already know some patterns like the days of the week, you know?

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.

But did you realize that day and night can make a pattern too?

Every time I wake up in the morning, it is daytime and when I go to bed, it is nighttime.

This happens over and over and over again.

Every day I wake up morning, daytime every night, go to bed nighttime.

Things that happen over and over like day and night or the days of the week or even the months of the year, make patterns.

Had you noticed those before and thought of them as patterns?

Patterns are kind of cool when you can find them in the world around you.

Today, one of the patterns that we're going to talk about is one that looks a little bit different depending on where you are.

So these patterns of day and night happen everywhere but they might look different depending on where you are in the world.

Here's a good example, right now it is summer time in the St. Louis region, where I live.

One of the reasons that we're inside for summertime in Room 9 is because it is really, really hot outside today.

Normally for camp, we would be outside, enjoying nature, having a good time, enjoying being outdoors but today it is really, really hot.

That's one of the patterns that we have here in the St. Louis region related to weather.

There are also patterns related to the number of hours we have during the day.

For example, today in July we'll have about 14 hours of daytime.

That's really nice because we can be outside for a longer time if we want to.

So when I get home from camp, I could go and ride my bike or Hargrove and I could go to the park we could take my dog, we could go and be outside and it's not dark yet it stays light outside for a long time.

That's kind of cool.

The sun will come up around five o'clock in the morning in the St. Louis region during the month of July the sun will go down around eight o'clock at night.

Every single day is 24 hours long.

So this means we will have about 14 hours of daytime and 10 hours of nighttime.

That 10 hours of nighttime is when it's dark outside that's after sunset.

But it's different in different parts of the world that's what it's like in St. Louis in the summertime.

But in another part of the world that we call, the north pole it's also summer right now but they have a lot more daylight than we do.

At the north pole it will be daylight for more than 24 hours in the summer.

That means that the sun really won't go down it will be light outside even at midnight, it's not dark, the sky stays light.

It might not be very, very bright but it's not going to get dark outside even during the nighttime.

Can you imagine that?

Let's take a look and see what that might look like.

You can see this video of what it looks like sunrise at the north pole.

You can see the sun is getting higher in the sky and it's at its highest point at midday in the middle of the day at about noon.

And then afternoon, the sun appears lowest in the sky it appears lower and lower and lower and we call that sunset.

And then you can see it dips a little bit below the horizon line, but it never gets dark outside.

Here it is sunrise again on the next day, higher, higher, appears higher and then it appears that the sun is now lower in the sky that's called sunset.

And that pattern happens over and over again.

Remember we talked about patterns of day and night?

Here we go, sunrise again after sunrise, sunrise at the beginning of the day then we hit midday and then begins the sun appearing lower in the sky and we hit sunset when the sun is at its lowest point.

That was a pretty cool video did you see how it was daylight for more than 24 hour?

Even though it's morning and then it's night it's still stayed light outside the entire time.

What happens because of where they are in the world the sun comes up on this day in March and stays up for over 180 days.

Hargrove can you imagine the sun staying up and it being light outside for one 180 days with no dark nighttime?

It blows my mind just a little bit.

How about you guys at home?

Can you imagine that?

What would it be like if it were light outside for 180 days?

That's a long time.

Wow, that's not a pattern we have here in the St. Louis region where we live though.

So what I'd like to do next is start by making a chart of some of the things that we observe and some of the questions that we have about what we've seen so far.

One.

I think I have our chart all ready to go.

On this side, I'm going to write down the questions that Hargrove and I came up with based on what we've observed so far.

We have a few questions that we're wondering the answers to.

So I put question marks on this side for our questions then we're going to see if we can come up with some answers to our questions.

And I put exclamation points on this side, kind of like, "Oh that's what it is."

So when we learn something new it makes my brain go, "Oh, that's pretty incredible."

So I'm going to record those on this side with exclamation points.

Are you ready to get started with our questions?

I want you to think in your own brain what questions do you have about what you've observed so far?

Remember that an observation is something that we notice using our five senses.

This time we're using our eyes quite a bit to see what we notice about the world around us.

One of the things that Hargrove and I noticed in the video, was that there's this interesting pattern that happens that we call sunrise and sunset.

And the question we had was what makes sunrise and sunset happen?

So I'm going to write that on the side with our questions.

What (writes on board) makes sunrise and sunset happen?

But we don't have an answer for that yet so I'm going to leave this part blank.

We have another question something else that we were able to observe that we were wondering and had a question about.

Hargrove and I were wondering about the pattern that we call day and night.

And our question was what makes day and night?

So I'm going to write that down as another question what makes day night happen?

(writes on board) And we haven't figured out the answer to that question yet so I'm going to leave that side blank too.

Now I do have some room down here for more questions that we might come up with as we are looking and listening and learning today.

So if you have paper or a chart at home that you would like to create, you could fold a piece of paper in 1/2 like a hot dog bun, or like a hamburger bun and you can write down your questions based on what you have observed.

If you want to write down your questions, you can do that I'm going to be right back.

Now that we've gotten some of our questions down about the patterns of day and night and sunrise and sunset that we see every single day we're going to investigate a little bit more to see if we can find out some of the answers to our questions, right Hargrove?

I found a book on epic that I would like to read to you it's all about patterns of day and night.

Are you ready?

Let's read together.

It's titled "Full Steam Ahead, Day and Night" by Crystal Sikkens.

The first heading is from day to night, every day the sun lights the sky every night, the sun disappears.

That's the pattern we've been talking about.

The sky gets dark.

Here it says at night, sometimes we see the moon and here's the moon.

It is day, then night, then day again day and night change in a cycle.

Ooh well, that's a new word that we haven't used before everybody at home you know that word.

Can everybody at home say our new word?

Cycle, cycle, cycle it says here a cycle is something that happens again and again, it repeats in a pattern.

Oh, so day and night make a cycle I wonder if sunrise and sunset is a cycle too.

If a cycle is a pattern that happens again and again could day and night be a cycle?

Well, we just read that so day and night is a cycle but does that mean that sunrise and sunset is a cycle too?

Let's keep reading and see if we learn more.

Our next heading is earth turns.

Every 24 hours turns around one time oh, we read about that before Anyway we knew that because we are so super smart 24 hours make one day, every day our part of earth turns toward the sun.

Then away from the sun that makes day and night it's day when our side of earth is turned toward the sun.

Oh, so if we turn toward the sun then we're getting all the light from the sun.

It says down here it is night when our side of earth is turned away from the sun.

So I think that makes a lot of sense.

Let's keep reading.

As earth turns the sun seems to move across the sky.

We saw that in the video didn't we?

It looked like the sun was moving across the sky but the sun doesn't actually move.

I knew that part, but I didn't know why it looks like the sun is moving if it's not moving.

Now I know it's because earth is turning, wow.

Here I see a word that I already know sunrise.

Sunrise.

Our side of earth turns to face the sun it looks like the sun is rising in the sky this is called sunrise.

When our side of earth fully faces the sun, is noon the sun looks like it is high in the sky.

Our side of earth turns away from the sun it looks like the sun is low in the sky this is called sunset.

That makes sense, I'm thinking about what I just saw in our video.

And I wonder if we can pretend to be the earth, to better understand how this cycle works.

What do you think?

Are you ready to move around a little bit?

We've been talking for a while now maybe we can pretend to be the earth, to better understand how this cycle works.

Let's see what we can do together.

If you have a flashlight at home, why don't you go grab it?

If you don't have a flashlight, that's okay too you can pretend that the TV is the sun I'm going to pretend like my flashlight is the sun.

I'm going to grab a flashlight and I'll be right back let's see if we can model this cycle so that we can better understand what's happening.

All set up.

I have my light on and in front of me and I'm ready to see if I can model this cycle of day and night that we just read about.

So right now the sun is facing me I'm the earth and there's the sun.

If you have your flashlight you can put it where it is facing you just like I have my light facing me.

Or if you don't have a flashlight, that is okay just stand up on your feet campers and face the TV.

And let's see if we can figure out this cycle of day and night.

Now I already know that one day is 24 hours so I'm going to start counting from one to 24.

Are you ready?

I also know that the earth is turning just like we read in our book.

So if the earth is turning and I am the earth then I get to turn and you will also get to turn.

So we're going to have to turn and count at the same time.

We will be turning slowly because the earth turns slowly and we'll be counting slowly.

So are you ready to turn and count?

Hargrove, you don't have to count with us you just watch and see what the campers at home were doing while pretending to be the earth and modeling day and night.

Are you ready campers?

Let's go.

One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine 10, 11, 12.

Right now it is midnight it's night time, it's 12 o'clock at night but the earth doesn't stop.

I just stopped to tell you that it was midnight.

Let's keep traveling because we are still turning as part of the earth.

Now, after midnight comes one o'clock the counting starts over but because there's 24 hours in a day we're going to keep going and count at 13.

Are you ready?

Let's go.

13, 14 and 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 20 21, 22, 23, 24.

And we're back facing the front again.

This is 12 o'clock noon, 12 o'clock noon.

We've now counted 24 hours in one day we counted from daytime to nighttime and back again.

So now that we took a minute to model what we learned in our book, let's keep reading and see what else we can learn about our patterns and cycles of day, night, sunrise and sunset.

Observing changes.

The cycle of day to night is one pattern we can observe to observe means to take in information using our senses.

We talked about that a little bit earlier, didn't we Hargrove?

We have five senses they are sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

We can use our sense of sight to observe changes in the sky.

We can see the changes each morning, afternoon, evening, and night.

Down here is a little bit of a warning it's really important Never look directly at the sun it can damage your eyes, that's important.

We can observe the sun, but try not to look at it directly you can look next to it, you can look under it, you can look over it, but don't look right at the sun.

We're back to our chart now.

Now that we've read some about day and night and sunrise and sunset from our book let's go back to our questions and see if there are any that now we can figure out the answers to.

Remember we put our questions on this side and now we're going to add in some of our answers.

Our first question, the first question Hargrove and I had was what makes sunrise and sunset happen?

And what did we learn?

We learned that there are 24 hours in a day (writes on board) and the earth is turning.

(writes on board) When the earth turns, we can see some of the sun sometimes.

(writes on board) And then there are other times where we can't see the sun at all.

When we're facing the sun as earth that's what we call daytime.

And when we first start to turn towards the sun, that is sunrise.

So when the earth turns and we're turned towards the sun, (writes on board) that is sunrise and when we're turning away from the sun, that is sunset.

(writes on board) Now our next question was, what makes day and night happen?

And you know what?

What's kind of fun we kind of answered that question already.

Let's take a look back at what we just wrote.

We wrote that there are 24 hours in one day and the earth is turning the turning of the earth makes day and night.

So I'm going to add in this (writes on board) makes day and night.

When we're turning towards the sun that makes sunrise, but it's also daytime.

When we're turning away from the sun that is sunset and then it becomes night.

Now remember, that is true of where Hargrove and I live in St. Louis, but it's not true of everywhere in the world.

Remember when we looked at the north pole they also have day and night, sunrise and sunset, but it doesn't get dark.

It's a little bit different because of where they are in the world.

They're still on earth, earth is still turning, but it's a little bit different even though it still makes a pattern they just have a different pattern.

Let's review what we've learned today.

Day and night make patterns that we can observe every single day these patterns are called cycles.

Sunrise and sunset are also a cycle that are part of the patterns we can observe every day.

Those patterns can be different depending on where you are in the world.

Remember, we talked about how at the north pole you may not see sunrise and sunset the same way we see sunrise and sunset in St. Louis.

I'm so glad you were able to join us in Room 9 today.

Hargrove and I had a lot of fun sharing our thinking, and learning about patterns of day and night with all of you campers at home.

I hope that you enjoyed learning with us today too.

Until we meet again, this is Mrs. Turnage and Hargrove saying see you next time.

(bright music) - [Announcer] Teaching in Room 9 is made possible with support of Bank of America, Dana Brown Charitable Trust, Emerson, and viewers like you.

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